EARTHQUAKE HAZARD MAPPING ON BANTUL AREA, YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA

ABSTRACT
In response to the last May 27, 2006 of Bantul Earthquake with the magnitude of 5.9 Richter Scale,
more than 5000 people died and about hundred thousands of houses in Bantul, Sleman and Gunung
Kidul Regencies were damaged or collapced. To support the recovery and reconstruction of those
damaged areas it is urgent to provide a microzonation of earthquake hazard map which can
estimate the zonation of earthquake susceptibility at various level of risk.
Interpretation on the aerial photographs and satelite images, reviews on previous geological study
at Yogyakarta Basin and the surrounding areas, and site investigations by drilling, well logging,
geophysical surveys (georadar, magneto tuleric and resistivity surveys) as well as micro tremor
survey was conducted to establish the hazard map, especially at the area surrounding Opak – Oya
rivers.
Results of this investigation confirmed that the local ground conditions such as distribution and
density of loose sediments, distribution of faults, as well as the depth and distribution of
groundwater table dictated the severity of construction damages. In addition, some soil mechanic
analyses was also conducted to support the enhancement of Building Code in the earthquake
vulnerable area.

By

Dwikorita Karnawati
Geological Engineering Department, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 55281,
email: dwiko@indosat.net.id
Salahuddin Husein
Geological Engineering Department, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 55281,
email: shddin@gmail.com
Subagyo Pramumijoyo
Geological Engineering Department, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 55281,
email: bagyo@ugm.ac.id
Antonius Ratdomopurbo
BPPTK, Volcanic Survey of Indonesia in Yogyakarta (was), Geological Survey Centre (present), Jl.
Diponegoro 57, Bandung, Indonesia, 40122
Koichiro Watanabe
Department of Earth Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka
819-0395, Japan, email: wat@mine.kyushu-u.ac.jp
Robert Anderson
California Seismic Safety Commission, 1755 Creekside Oaks Drive, Suite 100, Sacramento,
California, USA, 95833, email: anderson@stateseismic.com

see more about landscape design schools | vena tech

Tackling Noise Emission From Hydraulic Systems

Noise pollution as most people these days are aware of, is the production of unwanted sounds which render adverse effects on the tender ears and thus, pose potential hazards to health and communication. Considering the serious health hazards of noise pollution, many countries have introduced regulations to restrict the noise levels at workplace.

In hydraulic systems, generally, pump is the source of noise pollution which calls for special attention to combat the issue. Each hydraulic pump injects structure-borne and fluid-borne noise within the system and consequently renders air-borne noise out in the environment. Here, it is important to comprehend that fluid-borne noise is generated due to the vibration of components by pressure pulsations while structure-borne noise is the result of exciting vibrations within the interlinked components. The fluid and structure borne noises together contaminate the involved air masses thus, polluting the environment.

Following are few key solutions to three basic sources of hydraulic system’s noise emission:

Fluid-borne noise : Fluid-borne noise in a hydraulic system can always be minimized through a superior pump design but yet, it can't be diluted completely. Installation of a silencer can establish helpful in controlling the pump noise. A easy reflection silencer diminishes the sound waves by superimposing another sound wave carrying same amplitude and frequency at a 180 degree phase angle to the original one.
Structure-borne noise : The trick to face structure-borne noise is to eliminate the sound bridges amongst power unit and tank and power unit and valves as the structure-borne noise is created due to the vibrations of power unit and its prime movers. Rubber mounting blocks and flexible hoses as connections can come handy in this situation. Alternatively, introduction of an additional mass can also help in reducing the vibrations at bridging points.
Air-borne noise : Air-borne noise can be handled by mounting the pump inside the tank or constructing the hydraulic reservoir with a thicker plate can reduce the noise radiations. The easy scientific reason behind it is that the magnitude of noise radiations through a given thing is directly proportional to its area and inversely proportionate to its mass hence, an increase in mass of an thing or a reduction in its surface area can establish effective in controlling the noise radiations.

For more information on hydraulic machines, tools and equipments, please visit the site Hydraulic Equipment Manufacturers. An informative online knowledge source and B2B marketplace for various types of advanced hydraulic equipment & tools, hydraulic machines, hydraulic components, valves, hydraulic lifting equipment, pumps and soil moving equipments. Get access to free product catalog & suppliers directory. Also find information on global trade events, commerce trade leads and post free trade leads. This is an useful B2b marketplace for hydraulic equipment manufacturers, suppliers, exporters and wholesalers.

How To Buy Crude Oil

 

The way you can use to buy crude oil, which is also known as petroluem is available. The major thing you need is fund. You should also bear in intellect that crude oil is purchased in barrels, so you should not think that you will be doing so through liters.

Many countries produce petroleum. Some of the countries are Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, Russia, USA, Mexico, Venezuela, Iran, Kuwait, Iraq and the rest of other countries. Your first step will be to find suppliers in these countries. It will not be simple to associate with petroleum suppliers in Iran due to the fact that they are heavily under sanctions place in place by USA etc. You will need to read the terms of the sanction before you think of buying from Iran.

USA produces oil but it imports as well. As such, you might not easily find a place to buy crude oil in USA because demand exceeds supply. A good place to easily find sellers of crude oil is in Nigeria. Nigeria is the largest producer of crude oil in Africa. It drills millions of barrels in a single day. Since the ethnic violence which generally occurs in Nigeria reduced to its lowest level in 2009, more and more barrels of crude oil is produced on regular basis. Sellers of crude oil can easily be found in Nigeria due to there are fewer restrictions guiding the buy of crude oil. Your first step will be to associate with a seller. Once you have connected with a genuine seller, then you can work out the deal with the buyer. Allocation of crude oil can also be gotten from a government bureau referred to as NNPC. It is the main seller of crude oil in Nigeria. Allocations can be gotten easily when you go through a broker. This is so because they know the in and out of the petroleum commerce within the NNPC. Nigeria produces crude oil more than it uses, leaving surplus crude oil acquirable to sell.

EARTHQUAKE MICROZONATION MAPPING ON BANTUL AREA, YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA

In response to the last May 27, 2006 of Bantul Earthquake with the magnitude of 5.9 Richter Scale, more
than 5000 people died and about hundred thousands of houses in Bantul, Sleman and Gunung Kidul
Regencies were damaged or collapced. To support the recovery and reconstruction of those damaged
areas it is urgent to provide a microzonation map which can estimate the zonation of earthquake
vulnerability at various level of risk.
Interpretation on the aerial photographs and satelite images, reviews on previous geological study at
Yogyakarta Basin and the surrounding areas, and site investigations by drilling, well logging,
geophysical surveys (georadar, magneto tuleric and resistivity surveys) as well as micro tremor survey
have been conducting to establish the microzonation map, especially at the area surrounding Opak – Oya
rivers.
Some preliminary results of this investigation confirm that distribution of faults, as well as the
characteristics and thickness of overburden sediments above the bedrock dictate the severity of
construction damages. Accordingly, the relative distance of any particular zone to the fault zone (i.e.
exposed and burried faults), the types and thickness of loose sediments above the bedrock of andesitic
breccia, and the wave amplification patterns of each type of the sediments are selected as the main
variables to be analysed for the establishment of the earthquake microzonation map. In addition, some
soil mechanic analyses will also be conducted to support the enhancement of Building Code in the
earthquake vulnerable area.

 

By D. Karnawati1 , S. Pramumijoyo1, S. Hussein1, A.Ratdomopurbo2, K. Watanabe3 and R.
Anderson4
1 Geological Engineering Department, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
2 BPPTK, Vocanic Survey of Indonesia
3 Earth Resouces Engineering Department, Kyushu University, Japan.
4 California Seismic Safety Commission, USA

Privacy Policy

 

Your Privacy
Your privacy is important to us. To superior protect your privacy we supply this notice explaining our online information practices and the choices you can make about the way your information is collected and used. To make this notice simple to find, we make it acquirable on our homepage and at each point where personally classifiable information might be requested.

Google Adsense and the DoubleClick DART Cookie
Google, as a third celebration advertisement vendor, uses cookies to serve ads on this site. The use of DART cookies by Google enables them to serve adverts to visitors that are based on their visits to this website as well as other sites on the internet.

To opt out of the DART cookies you might visit the Google ad and content network privacy policy at the following url http://www.google.com/privacy_ads.html Tracking of users through the DART cookie mechanisms are subject to Google’s own privacy policies.

Other Third Celebration ad servers or ad networks might also use cookies to track users activities on this website to degree advertisement effectiveness and other reasons that will be if in their own privacy policies, This site has no access or control over these cookies that might be used by third celebration advertisers.

Collection of Personal Information
When visiting this site, the IP address used to access the site will be logged along with the dates and times of access. This information is purely used to examine trends, manage the site, track users movement and gather broad demographic information for internal use. Most importantly, any recorded IP addresses are not linked to personally classifiable information.

Links to third celebration Websites
We have included links on this site for your use and reference. We are not responsible for the privacy policies on these websites. You should be aware that the privacy policies of these sites might differ from our own.

Changes to this Privacy Statement
The contents of this statement might be modified at any time, at our discretion.

If you have any questions regarding the privacy policy of this site then you might contact us at mabisnisku@gmail.com